Tissu salts combination 12 biochemic remedies

 🧂Schuessler Tissue Salts Combination 12 Tablets have been specifically formulated for the symptoms of Fatigue and exhaustion. Each tablet contains equal amounts of:🧂

🧂Calc Fluor -

 for haemorrhoids, varicose veins, cracked skin, muscle strain & injured ligaments.

🧂Calc Phos -

 for anaemia, indigestion and bone diseases.

🧂Calc Sulph - 

for skin disorders, spots, pimples & slow healing wounds.

🧂Ferr Phos - 

for inflammation, redness, throbbing & the 1st stage of a Respiratory illness.

🧂Kali Mur - 

for mucous congestion, Coughs, glandular swellings,tonsilitis, & Sore Throats.

🧂Kali Phos - 

for nervous tension, Depression, irritability & tension headaches.

🧂Kali Sulph -

 for dandruff, dry scaling skin, chicken pox & other minor eruptions of the skin.

🧂Mag Phos - 

for spasmodic pain, muscle cramps, spasms & twitches.

🧂Nat Mur -

 for excessive moisture or dryness, runny nose, loss of smell & loss of taste.

🧂Nat Phos -

 for acidity, idigestion, dyspepsia & heartburn

🧂Nat Sulph -

 for bilousness, liver upsets & water retention.

🧂Silica -

for pimples, boils, Ulcers, styes & Hair, skin + Nails.

🧂Schuessler Tissue Salts Combination 12 Tablets include the twelve mineral salts that are present in the Body. An imbalance in any of these Minerals may lead to a range of ailments. Schuessler Tissue Salts Combination 12 Tablets are suitable for the whole family and may be taken alongside other medications and dietary Supplements including Vitamins and minerals.🧂

M.G Homeo Clinic

Dr Dileep Homeopathy

mghomeoclinic@gmail.com

Contact us WhatsApp - 7905406952

Enuresis, Bed wetting and it's Homeopathy medicine

 *ENURESIS AND IT'S HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT*

WHAT IS ENURESIS?

Night time loss of bladder control or in simple terms 'BED WETTING' usually in children.

Bed wetting in children before the age of 7 years is not a big concern as your child may still developing bladder control.

Generally male child is more affected then girl child with ratio of 2:1

*CLINICAL FEATURES*--

1. Bed wetting even after the age of 7 years.

2. Child starts bed wetting after one or two months of being dry at night.

3. Bed wetting is accompanied by painful urination, unusual thirst, pink or red urine, hard stools, and snoring.

*ETIOLOGY*

1. Hereditary 

2. Small bladder

3. Infection of kidney or bladder

4. Type 1 diabetes 

5. Stress

6. Fear

*HOMOEOPATHIC THERAPEUTICS* --

1. CAUSTICUM - Nocturnal enuresis for involuntary urination, worse in winter and better in summer. Incontinence of urine when the child coughs or sneeze or even laugh. 

2. KREOSOTUM - Bedwetting occurs in the first half of the sleep and the child must hurry when desire comes to urinate. 

3. EQUISETUM - Nocturnal enuresis for incontinence in children, with dreams of urination. Severe pain at the close of urination. 

4. LYCOPODIUM - Nocturnal enuresis. Pain in back before urinating with thin stream of urine. Child cries before micturation. 

5. BELLADONNA - This remedy is indicated for children who have frequent and profuse urination after midnight approaching the morning hours. A good remedy choice if the bedwetting is due to a bladder infection.

6. SULPHUR - Indicated in condition of bed wetting in first half of night. The child loves to eat sweets and spices. Child see vivid dreams and sleeps with feet out of the blanket. 

7. BORAX - Bed wetting in child due to fear. 

8. SEPIA - Great remedy to treat bed wetting and kidney troubles. This is often recommended in case of female child who love to be active and dance. Bed wetting in first half of the night.

M.G Homeo Clinic

Karwi Chitrakoot (U.P)

mghomeoclinic@gmail.com

हर प्रकार की ब्लीडिंग रोकने के लिए होम्योपैथिक दवाइयां....!!

 हर प्रकार की ब्लीडिंग रोकती हैं होम्योपैथिक दवाइयां.  

Dr Dileep Yadav Homeopathy

M.G Homeo Clinic karwi chitrakoot (Uttarpradesh)

     

रक्तस्त्राव यानी शरीर के किसी भाग से खून निकलना। कई बार हॉस्पिटल ले जाने तक अधिक ब्लीडिंग हो जाने के कारण बहुत से लोगों की असमय मौत हो जाती है। यदि उन्हें समय पर मेडिसिन दी जाए तो बहुत सी जिन्दगी बचायी जा सकती हैं। अक्सर बहुत से लोग खून देखते ही घबरा जाते हैं। लेकिन घबराने की जरूरत नहीं है, क्योंकि होम्योपथी में बहुत सी ऐसी दवाइयां हैं जिन्हें यदि रोगी को 5-5 मिनट के अन्तर से लगाई और खिलाई जाए तो ब्लीडिंग को जल्दी रोका जा सकता है और उस व्यक्ति की जान बचाई जा सकती है।

रक्तस्त्राव के कारण

रक्तस्त्राव के कई कारण होते हैं जैसे,

1) चोट या ऐक्सिडेंट के कारण ब्लीडिंग होना

2) नकसीर यानी नाक से खून आना

3) दांत निकलवाने के बाद ब्लीडिंग होना

4) खून की उल्टी होना

5) पेचिश (Dysentry) में खून जाना

6) पीरियड्स में अधिक रक्तस्त्राव होना

7) बलगम (cough) में खून आना

8) बवासीर (piles) में ब्लीडिंग होना

9) पेशाब (Urine) में खून आना

10) टी.बी.में फेफड़ों (Lungs) से ब्लीडिंग होना

11)  गर्भावस्था में ब्लीडिंग होना

होम्योपैथिक मेडिसिन

ऐसे तो होम्योपथी में बहुत सारी दवाइयां रक्तस्त्राव रोकने के लिए होती हैं। इनमें से कुछ के बारे में मैं जानकारी दे रहा हूं ताकि उसे देकर किसी की जान बचाई जा सके।

केलेंड्यूला (Calendula)

कहीं भी कटने, चोट लगने या घाव पर इसे लगाया जाए तो ब्लीडिंग तुरंत रुक जाती है। यह किसी भी प्रकार के घाव को बहुत तेजी से भरती है।

आर्निका (Arnica)

यह ब्लड केपीलरिस (Blood-capillaris) पर असर करती है। ऐक्सिडेंट, चोट, घाव आदि से ब्लीडिंग होने पर यदि इस दवा को (Arnica 30) को 5-5 मिनट के अंतर से खाने को दें तो ब्लीडिंग तुरंत रुक जाती है, साथ ही दर्द भी कम होता है।

मिलेफोलियम (Millefolium)

रक्त शरीर में कहीं से भी निकलता हो, चाहे वो नाक, मुंह, बलगम में, पीरियड्स के समय, पेशाब, मल या किसी चोट या घाव से हो यदि रक्त का रंग लाल चमकदार है, तो इसे खाने को देने से ब्लीडिंग तुरंत रुक जाती है।

हेमामेलिस (Hamamelis)

यदि शरीर के किसी भी स्थान से काले या गहरे रंग का रक्त निकलता है, तो इसका प्रयोग करना उचित होता है। पेचिस, पाइल्स, पेशाब, पीरियड्स आदि में यदि गहरे काले रंग का रक्त निकलता है, तो इसको खाने से ब्लीडिंग रुक जाती है।

इपिकेक (Ipecac)

हल्का लाल रंग का रक्त या चमकदार लाल रक्त शरीर के किसी भी भाग से जा रहा हो, उसे ये दवा तुरंत रोकती है। रोगी को उल्टी आती है या जी मिचलाता है। खांसी के साथ खून आता है। नाक से खून जाता है। इन सब में यह दवा कारगर है।

ट्रिलियम (Trillium)

दस्त के साथ खून जाता है। नाक से, दांत से, पीरियड्स में, डिलिवरी (प्रसव) के बाद ब्लीडिंग होने पर इसे देने से रक्तस्त्राव रुक जाता है। दांत निकलवाने से ब्लीडिंग होने पर इसे (Trillium Q) लगाने से ब्लीडिंग रुक जाती है।

नाइट्रिक-ऐसिड (Nitric-Acid)

धमनी और केशिकाओं ( Arteries & Capillaries) से ब्लीडिंग होती है। कमरदर्द के साथ यूट्रस (Utrus) से ब्लीडिंग होती है। किसी भी प्रकार के अल्सर, मस्से आदि से ब्लीडिंग होना, piles में खून जाना। इनमें यह दवा ले सकते हैं।

नोट-  होम्योपथी में  रोग के कारण को दूर करके रोगी को ठीक किया जाता है। प्रत्येक रोगी की दवा उसकी पोटेंसी, डोज आदि उसकी शारीरिक और मानसिक अवस्था के अनुसार अलग-अलग होती है। अतः बिना चिकित्सीय परामर्श के यहां दी हुई किसी भी दवा का उपयोग न करें। रोग और होम्योपथी दवा के बारे में और अधिक जानकारी के लिए 7905406952 पर कॉल कर सकते हैं।!

माइग्रेन से परेशान हैं ? होम्योपैथिक दवाइयां आजमाएं.. mghomeoclinic@gmail.com

 माइग्रेन से परेशान हैं? होम्योपैथी दवाइयां आजमाएं 

M.g Homeo Clinic karwi chitrakoot

     

आज के समय में हर व्यक्ति भागदौड़ में लगा है। हमारे पास खुद के लिए समय ही नहीं रहता हैं। न समय पर खाना और न सोना। प्रकृति के विपरीत चलना तो मानो फैशन बन गया हैं। नतीजा, तरह-तरह की बीमारियां। माइग्रेन भी इसी जीवनशैली का परिणाम हैं।

माइग्रेन एक प्रकार का सिरदर्द है, जिसमें सिर के एक तरफ (दाहिनी या बायीं) दर्द होता है। यह दर्द कुछ घंटे से ले कर कुछ दिन तक रहता है। इसे हिंदी में आधाशीशी या अधकपारी भी कहते हैं। माइग्रेन का कोई समय निश्चित नहीं होता, यह कभी तो जल्दी-जल्दी भी होता है, तो कभी महीनों में होता है। ज्यादा पुराना (Chronic) होने के कारण कुछ लोगो को माइग्रेन का पहले से पता चल जाता हैं। कभी-कभी अधिक दर्द के कारण उल्टी हो जाती हैं, जिससे दर्द में आराम आ जाता है।

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माइग्रेन के कुछ प्रमुख कारण- आनुवांशिक कारण, कब्ज या पेट की खराबी, हारमोन्स में परिवर्तन, महिलाओं में पीरियड्स की गड़बड़ी, ब्रेन के केमिकल्स में बदलाव, नींद पूरी न होना, दिनचर्या में बदलाव, तनाव, गर्भ निरोधिक गोलियों की वजह से, गलत खान-पान, वातावरण में बदलाव आने के कारण।

माइग्रेन पुरुषों की अपेक्षा महिलाओं में ज्यादा होता है। यह 14 साल की उम्र से ले कर 40 साल की उम्र के लोगों को अधिक होता है।

माइग्रेन के लक्षण-  सिर में एक तरफ (दायी या बायीं) ओर तेज दर्द,  दर्द कुछ घंटे से ले कर कुछ दिन तक रहना,  उल्टी होना या जी मचलना, तेज रोशनी या आवाज़ सहन ना होना, उल्टी होने पर दर्द कम होना, अंधेरे में अकेले चुपचाप बैठना अच्छा लगना, चिड़चिड़ाहट होना या गुस्सा आना, नींद ना आना,  धूप में जाने पर तकलीफ होना,  आंखों के ऊपर (आइब्रो पर दर्द) होना,  कब्ज या दस्त रहना, आंखों के आगे अंधेरा छाना या अजीब सी आकृतियां दिखना, बार-बार पेशाब होना।

माईग्रेन के लिए होम्योपैथिक मे बहुत सी दवाएं हैं, जिन्हें कुछ समय तक लेने से माईग्रेन की समस्या हमेशा के लिए ठीक हो जाती हैं। जानकारी हेतु यहां पर कुछ होम्योपैथिक दवाए बताई गई हैं। कृपया खुद उपचार न करें, क्योंकि होम्योपैथी में रोग के कारण को दूर किया जाता है।

स्पाईजेलिया (Spigelia)

बायीं ओर सिरदर्द होना, बहुत तेज दर्द जो बायीं आंख के ऊपर आईब्रो पर ज्यादा होता है।  रोशनी और शोर बर्दाश्त नहीं होता, चक्कर आते रहते हैं।

साईलिसिया(Silicea)

उपवास करने के कारण सिरदर्द होता है, ठंड में ज्यादा तकलीफ होती है, सिर में अत्याधिक पसीना आता है। आखों में तेज दर्द होता है, गर्दन के पिछले भाग में दर्द होता है। कुपोषण के कारण होने वाला सिरदर्द। पीरियड्स के समय ज्यादा तकलीफ होती हैं।

नेट्रम-म्यूर (Nat-Mur)

किसी भी मानसिक परेशानी के कारण होने वाला सिरदर्द, धूप में जाने पर होने वाला सिरदर्द। सूरज उगने से ले कर डूबने तक सिरदर्द होता है। उसके बाद ठीक हो जाता हैं। एनीमिया के कारण होने वाला सिरदर्द, खास  कर किशोरावस्था में होने वाला सिरदर्द, दर्द एक निश्चित समय पर होता हैं, जो लेटने या सोने  जाने पर कम हो जाता है।

काफिया (Coffea)

अचानक ख़ुशी या किसी दुःख के कारण माइग्रेन होना। शोर या किसी प्रकार की गंध से सिरदर्द बढ़ जाना, सिर में असहनीय दर्द होना। नींद न आना।

ब्रायोनिया (Bryonia)

दायीं तरफ सिरदर्द हो, जो कि हिलने-डुलने पर ज्यादा बढ़ जाए, यहां तक कि आंख खोलने तक में दर्द होता है। मरीज चुपचाप अंधेरे कमरे में लेटे रहना चाहता हैं। चिड़चिड़ापन, जी मिचलाना और चक्कर आना।

नोट-  होम्योपैथी में  रोग  के  कारण  को  दूर  करके  रोगी को  ठीक  किया  जाता  है।  प्रत्येक  रोगी  की  दवा, उसकी पोटेंसी,डोज आदि  उसकी शारीरिक  और मानसिक अवस्था के अनुसार अलग-अलग  होती हैं। अतः बिना चिकित्सकीय परामर्श यहां दी  हुई किसी भी दवा का उपयोग न करें।अधिक जानकारी के लिए 7905406952 पर बात कर सकते हैं।

Arnica - The Number One Injury Remedy

 Arnica is the homeopathic remedy that no person, home, work place, car or first aid kit should be without! It introduces more people to homeopathy - and proves it’s efficacy - than any other remedy. 

Arnica is used for the effects of injuries and trauma, whether mild, severe or even life threatening. Medical advice must be obtained for all serious, potentially serious and persisting problems - if in any doubt, get a medical opinion

Arnica is made from the Alpine plant, Arnica Montana, the Mountain Daisy, a member of the Compositae, now called the Asterales, or daisy family. Arnica’s beneficial qualities for injuries have been known for well over a thousand years.

TAKE ARNICA FOR THE FOLLOWING:

•All Bruising & Injuries - 

Arnica works dramatically almost every time. It rapidly reduces pain, swelling and discolouration and speeds healing. Give it as early as possible after injury and you will be surprised how little bruising develops. I recommend my patients keep some Arnica not only at home but at work, in their car, in their pack when traveling, etc.

•Surgery - 

take Arnica before and after any and all surgery - general or dental, major or minor. You will be surprised at how little pain you suffer, how little bruising you experience, how small your pain-killer requirements are, and how rapidly you recover and are up and about again. It also reduces the incidence of postoperative complications. More and more surgeons are recommending the use of Arnica, just because they witness it’s benefits in their patients.

•Childbirth - 

take Arnica during and after childbirth. You will be surprised at how little pain and bruising you suffer afterwards, how small your pain-killer requirements are, and how rapidly you recover and are up and about again. It will also help your baby make a quick recovery from the traumatic experience of entering this world.

•Over–Exertion -

 the after-effects of over-exertion, such as the bruised sore feeling after a hard day's walking.

•Psychological Trauma -

 for the emotional shock where the result is feeling bruised, battered or beaten.

Arnica is particularly needed where there is the feeling of:

being bruised or sore, as if beaten or battered

whether mentally or physically

often with a fear of the affected part being touched or approached

WHICH POTENCY?

•Arnica 30c for everyday use

•Arnica 200c for serious injuries, surgery and childbirth

WHAT DOSAGE?

The more serious, painful or severe the problem is - the more frequently the remedy should be taken. Stop when complete relief is obtained.

Mild to Moderate Injuries

•Arnica 30 - three or four doses at 15 - 45 minute intervals and then 4 - 8 hourly for a day or two or as long as necessary

Serious Injuries

•Arnica 200 - at 15 - 45 minute intervals for 5 or 6 doses and then 4 - 8 hourly for a few days or as long as necessary

SURGERY - BEFORE & AFTER

•Use: Arnica 200 - two or three times a day for 2 days before surgery, then immediately after surgery and 3 - 4 hourly for the first few days. 

•Continue two or three times a day for as long as necessary.

•There may also be other homeopathic medicines that could be helpful for the particular surgical procedure you are going to have, eg.

•Symphytum - for bony/orthopaedic surgery

•Hypericum - for spinal surgery, etc.

CHILDBIRTH - BEFORE & AFTER

•Use: Arnica 200 - once or twice during the first and second stages of labour especially if you are becoming exhausted. 

•Take a dose as soon as possible after your baby is born and then 3 - 4 hourly for a few days, continue two or three times a day for as long as necessary. 

•Also give a few doses to your baby straight after delivery and for longer if he or she has had a rough ride into this world.

ARNICA CREAM, OINTMENT & TINCTURE

Where there is localised surface bruising, a topical preparation may give even better results when used in conjunction with Arnica by mouth.

Use:

•Arnica mother tincture (Ø) - paint it on with some cotton wool, or

•Arnica cream or ointment

DO NOT USE topical Arnica on broken skin

This is a first aid guide only, specific situations may require a different homeopathic medicine - but always try Arnica first - it cannot do any harm and it will usually help enormously

 

Arnica - The Number One Injury Remedy

M.g Homeo Clinic

mghomeoclinic@gmail.com

Eczema and itching eruption after vaccination

Eczema and itching eruptions after Vaccination 

Remedy ??

Mezerium and Thuja

Allen's keynotes

M.g Homeo Clinic

mghomeoclinic@gmail.com

Animal based kingdom Homoeopathic Medicine

 © 2019 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 159

Review Article

IntRoductIon

Homoeopathic system of medicine is the second largest

medical system in the world. Homoeopathic medicines are

prepared from wide range of natural sources such as plants,

chemicals, minerals, microbes and animals. Homoeopathic

medicines prepared from animals’ venoms, secretions and

uids etc., [Table 1] have special place in the homoeopathic

pharmacy. The quality, safety and therapeutic efcacy of

animal-based drugs chiey depend on their genuineness. The

crude drugs from animal sources remain questionable for their

quality, especially when they are procured commercially from

trade due to adulteration, substitution and inappropriate storage

conditions. Therefore, it is an essential aspect to check the

current nomenclatures, diagnostic specications, identication

and authentication of source materials of raw drugs, testing and

preparation methods of medicines, etc., according to modern

scientic validation on regular basis.

However, there are many challenges associated with

identication, authentication and collection of source materials

for production of animal-based drugs; for example, medicines

procured from endangered species, those bred in captivity

and sometimes dangerous to handle. To overcome these

challenges, it is necessary to undertake in-depth study of the

chemical constituents of the drugs, originated from animals.

This is particularly important as this not only will unravel the

origin of their bioactivities of those drugs but also will pave the

path of the synthesis of the therapeutically relevant chemical

constituents to successfully substitute the existing formulation

in case of the unavailability of the natural sources.

In Homoeopathy, there are numerous drugs. Considering their

necessity for public health, Ministry of AYUSH, Government

of India has listed a number of drugs under the essential drug

list (EDL).[1(i)] Few of the aforementioned list are of animal

origin. We here review those drugs. Thus, even though Table 1

has covered almost all animal-based homoeopathic drugs, we

envisioned that discussion of the drugs in EDL will largely

Abstract

Homoeopathy is one of the most well-practiced medical systems in the world. In Homoeopathy, like all other natural sources, animal and

their secretions have been widely used. However, unlike other natural sources of homoeopathic drugs, for example, plants and chemicals,

the collection and preparation of animal-based drugs are extremely challenging, especially for drugs from exotic animals. Considering the

challenges, we envision that a review regarding the animal-based therapeutics, used in Homoeopathy, may be useful. Our review, consistently

has found that the discoveries of the modern biomedicine agree with the reports from the homoeopathic literature. In many cases, the recent

biomedical and medicinal chemistry research aptly justies the ndings of the old homoeopathic literature. Even though there are many

animal-based homoeopathic drugs, this review will focus only on those drugs which are included in Essential Drugs List of Homoeopathy.

We believe this article will not only be benecial towards homoeopathic community but also may provide needed information regarding

homoeopathic ndings for future biomedical research.

Keywords: Animal-based drugs, Biomedicine, Homoeopathy, Sarcodes

Access this article online

Quick Response Code:

Website:

www.ijrh.org

DOI:

10.4103/ijrh.ijrh_20_19

*Address for correspondence: Dr. Bibaswan Biswas,

Drug Standardisation Unit (H), OUB‑32, Vikrampuri, Road No. 4,

Habsiguda, Hyderabad ‑ 500 007, Telangana, India.

E‑mail: bibaswanbiswas@yahoo.co.in

Received: 08.03.2019; Accepted: 11.09.2019

This is an open access journal, and arcles are distributed under the terms of the Creave

Commons Aribuon-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to

remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit

is given and the new creaons are licensed under the idencal terms.

For reprints contact: reprints@medknow.com

How to cite this article: Biswas B, Sundaram EN, Jhansi S, Patel S,

Khurana A, Manchanda RK. A review on animal-based homoeopathic

drugs and their applications in biomedicine. Indian J Res Homoeopathy

2019;13:159-76.

A review on animal‑based homoeopathic drugs and their

applications in biomedicine

Bibaswan Biswas1*, E. N. Sundaram1, Shyaga Jhansi1, Satish Patel1, Anil Khurana2, Raj K. Manchanda2

1Drug Standardisation Unit (H), Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 2Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, New Delhi, India

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Biswas, et al.: Physicochemical study of the homoeopathic drug of Blatta orientalis

160 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

Contd...

Table 1: Animal‑based homoeopathic drugs

Name of drugs Name of animal source material

Invertebrates

Badiaga Calcispongiae: Fresh water sponge (skeleton)

Spongia tosta Common sponge (skeleton)

Medusa Jelly sh (whole living animal)

Physalia Portuguese man-of-war (whole living animal)

Corallium rubrum Red coral (skeleton)

Sanguisuga Hirudo, the leech (whole living animal)

Helix tosta Toasted snail (whole living animal)

Murex purpurea Purple-sh (juices)

Calcarea calcinata Calcinated oyster shell (shell)

Sepia Cuttlesh (juice)

Asterias rubens Star-sh (whole living animal)

Armadillo ofcinalis Sow bug, sow louse (whole dried animal)

Astacus uviatilis Crawsh or river crab (whole living animal)

Homarus Lobster (digestive uid)

Limuluscyclops King crab (blood)

Scolopendra Centipede (whole living animal)

Aranea diadema The cross spider (whole living animal)

Aranea scinencia Grey spider (whole living animal)

Aranearum tela Black spider (cobweb)

Araneinum Juice of greasy spider Aranea scinencia

Buthus australis Algerian scorpion (venum)

Enturoides elegans Scorpion (poison)

Latrodectus katipo Poison spider (whole living animal)

Latrodectus mactans Black widow spider (whole living animal)

Mygale lasiodora Black Cuban spider (whole living animal)

Scorpio europus Scorpion (whole living animal)

Tarentula cubensis Cuban spider (whole living animal)

Tarentula hispania Spanish spider (whole living animal)

Theridion curassavicum Orange spider (whole living animal)

Trombidium A parasite found upon common house y

Apis mellica Honeybee (whole living animal)

Apium virus Honeybee (poison)

Blatta americana American cockroach (whole living animal)

Blatta orientalis Indian cockroach (whole living animal)

Bombyx Caterpillars (whole living animal)

Cantharis Spanish y (whole dried animal)

Cimexacanthia Bedbug (whole living animal)

Coccinella septempunctata Ladybird beetle (whole living animal)

Coccus cacti Cochineal insect (whole dried animal)

Culex musca Culex mosquito (whole living animal)

Doryphora Colorado beetle (whole living animal)

Pediculus capitis Head louse (whole living animal)

Formica rufa The ant (whole living animal)

Pulex irritants Common ea (whole living animal)

Vespa crabro Wasp, European hornet (whole living animal)

Vertebrates

Serum anguillar ichthyotoxin Eel serum (serum)

Gadus morrhua Cod (rst cervical vertebra)

Oleum jecoris aselli Cod-liver oil (oil)

Pyrarara River sh (nosode) (whole living animal)

Bufo rana Common toad (poison)

Bufo sahytiensis Brazilian toad

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Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

Table 1: Contd...

Name of drugs Name of animal source material

Vertebrates

Amphisbaena vermicularis Snake-like lizard (poison)

Heloderma Gila monster (poison)

Lacerta agilis Green lizard (whole dried animal)

Bothrops lanceolatus Yellow viper (poison)

Cenchris contortrix Copperhead snake (venom)

Crotalus horridus North American rattlesnake (venom)

Bungarus fasciatus Banded Krait (poison)

Chelone Snake-head or Turtle-head

Crotalus cascavella Brazilian rattle snake (poison)

Elaps corallinus Brazilian coral snake (poison)

Lachesis trigonocephalus Surukuku snake (venom)

Naja tripudians Indian hooded snake (venom)

Toxicophis Moccasin snake (venom)

Vipera Common viper (venom)

Aves

Calcarea ovi testae Egg-shell (shell)

Ovi gallinae pellicula Hen’s egg (fresh membrane of shell)

Carbo animalis Ox (charred hide)

Castor equi Horse (thumbnail)

Castoreum Beaver (secretion found in pre-putial sacs)

Feltauri Ox (gall)

Ingluvin Fowl (gizzard)

Mephatis Skunk (liquid contained in the anal gland)

Moschus Musk deer (inspissated secretion contained in pre-putial follicles)

Cervus brazilliens Brazilian deer (fresh hide)

Pulmo vulpis Wolf or fox (fresh lung)

Sphingurus Tree porcupine (prickles)

Vulpis heper Fox (liver)

Lacs (milk and milk products)

Koumyss Fermentation from ass’s milk

Lac caninum Bitch’s milk

Lac deoratum Skimmed cow’s milk

Lac felinum Cat’s milk

Lac vaccinioc Milk cream

Lac vaccinum Cow’s milk

Lac vaccinum coagulatum Curds

D. Sarcodes

Whole endocrine glands

Thyroidinum Thyroid glands of sheep or calf

Pituitarinum posterium Post-position of pituitary gland of sheep

Hormones

Adrenalin (Epinephrine) Hormone produced by adrenal gland/synthetic salt of adrenalin hydrocloricum

Cortisone Hormone secreted by cortex of adrenal gland of man

Cortisone acetate Cortisone monoacetate

Adrenocorticotrophin Hormone produced by pituitary gland

Insulin Hormone produced by pancreas

Extracts

Orchitinum Testicular extract

Oophorium Ovarian of cow, sheep, pig

Pancreatium Pancreas of beef containing digestive enzyme

Corpus luteum Ovaries of pregnant animals

Contd...

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162 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

Table 2: Animal‑based homoeopathic drugs under

essential drug list

Homoeopathy drug Description

Apis mellica Honey (whole live bee)

Badiaga Dried fresh water sponge

Blatta orientalis Whole insect (crushed)

Bufo rana Poisonous venom from dorsal gland of common

toad

Cantharis Dried whole Spanish y

Carbo animalis Ox-hide (charred hide)

Crotalus horridus Venom of North American rattle snake

Eel serum Eel serum

Formica rufa Red wood ant (crushed whole live ant)

Lac caninum Bitch milk

Lac deoratum Skimmed cow milk

Lachesis Venom of Surukuku snake

Mephitis Skunk (liquid contained in the anal gland)

Murex purpurea Sea snail (juice found in sac situated between

heart and liver)

Mygale Black Cuban spider (live whole spider)

Naja tripudians Indian cobra (venom)

Sepia Cuttlesh (dried liquid contained in the ink bag)

Spongia tosta Marine sponge (common roasted sponge)

Tarentula cubensis Cuban spider (live whole spider)

Tarentula hispana Spanish spider (live whole spider)

Trombidium Mite (live whole animal)

Thyroidinum Domestic sheep (dried whole thyroid glands)

Vipera Russell’s viper (venom)

serve the purpose of the review. The animal-based EDL drugs

which will be discussed in detail are listed in Table 2.

This review essentially includes the exploration and

characterisation of bioactive chemicals present in those

medicines of animal origin. In this article, we discussed the

research related to the therapeutic uses of the certain widely

administrated animal-based homoeopathic drugs (under EDL)

as well as their medicinally relevant ingredients. Furthermore,

we seek to address the issue of unavailability of the raw drugs

by replacing them with synthetic sources. We hope this review

article will be benecial towards the research not only related

to Homoeopathy but also to overall biomedical research.

apIs MellIfIca

Homoeopathic use

The homoeopathic formulation consists of whole live

European honey bees Apis mellica Linn. (Synonym: Apis

mellica; Family: Apidae). In Homoeopathy, Dr. C. W. Wolf

and Dr. William Boericke, M.D. reported several uses of Apis

mellica.[1(ii),2] Dr. William Boericke reported the use of Apis

mellica in physiological and psychological ailments. The

ailments include burning while urination, involuntary passage

of stool on every motion, swollen ery red tonsils, vertigo with

sneezing, headache, indifference, apathy and stupor alternating

with erotic mania.[2] Overall, physiological effects of the drug

chiey deal with external as well as internal inammation.[2]

Rev. Brauns, a clergyman of Thuringia, was rst to report

honeybee venom in their pure form as a therapeutic agent.

He eventually published his results regarding the animal

trials. E. E. Marcy, in Theory and Practice, published his

results regarding the medical usage of dried and powdered

bees. Recognising the immense therapeutic activity of

bee venom, the clinical ndings were reported in the form

of a monograph in the Amerikanische Arzneiprüfungen

(American Proving), Vol. I, p. 171-422.

Research in modern biomedicine

Recent scientic study related to the bioactivity of venoms

has explored the potential medicinal usage of bee venom in

modern medicines. Owen detected the presence of Serotonin,

5-hydroxytryptamine, an essential human neurotransmitter in

bee venom.[3] Their further study proved that serotonin is a

fundamental component of the venom.[4] Lin’s work indicated

that bee venom possesses anticoagulant properties.[5] The

main toxin present in bee venom is Melittin, a small peptide

[Figure 1]. It exhibits numerous bioactivities.[6,7] Its anticancer

activity was reported by Song and Hong. They found that

melittin as well as the bee venom inhibited the growth of

SKOV3 and PA-1 ovarian cancer cells.[8] Beside melittin,

the constituents of bee venom include number of bioactive

peptides, enzymes and small molecules.[9,10] New ndings

have also conrmed the use of bee venom as antinociceptive

Table 1: Contd...

Name of drugs Name of animal source material

Other sarcodes

Miscellaneous

Fel tauri Fresh ox-gall

Vulpistel Fresh fox-gall

Parotidinum Parotid gland

Cholesterinum Main constituents of gall bladder and bile

Mammary gland Glands of cow and sheep

Placenta Extracts of placenta

Spleen Extracts of spleen

Ingluvin Gizzard of fowl

Lecithin Yolk of egg and animal brain

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Biswas, et al.: Physicochemical study of the homoeopathic drug of Blatta orientalis

163

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

agent.[11] The report suggested that the origin of the activity

of the venom is due to its anti-inammatory activity.[12] Bee

venom also shows antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive

and Gram-negative bacteria.[13] It shows activity against

penicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus.[13] Bee

venom is also known to show anti-HIV, at large antiviral

activities.[14] It also shows anticancer activities chiey via

apoptosis.[15,16]

cockRoaches

Homoeopathic use

Cockroaches are considered as one of the most abundant

pests in the world and survived many mass extinctions. Until

recently, the therapeutic effects of the cockroaches have not

been recognised by the scientic community. However, this is

not the case with the homoeopathic community.

There are many medicinal properties reported with cockroaches,

Blatta orientalis and Blatta americana in Homoeopathy. These

two species are native to two different geographical area as

indicated in their species name. B. orientalis is chiey used to

treat asthma while Blatta Americana is used for oedema.[17-20]

Research in modern biomedicine

The benecial effects of homoeopathic drug – B. orientalis

which is under EDL has been explored by recent biomedical

communities.[21,22] The study has shown antibacterial activity

of B. orientalis hemolymph against ve bacterial strains.

The bacterial strains are Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli,

Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas

aeruginosa. Highest activity was observed with E. coli.

Moderate activity was seen against P. mirabilis, S. aureus and

P. aeruginosa. The lowest activity was observed against S. typhi.

The SDS-PAGE analysis showed bands at 18 kDa, 30 kDa and

66 kDa. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed peaks from

3299 cm−1 to 546 cm−1. The FTIR studies suggest the presence

of cyclopeptane, aromatic compounds, triazoles, secondary

sulphonamide, bromo compounds, secondary amide, vinyl

halides, thiophenes, aldehyde group, methylene compound and

sulphonic acid groups. The authors suggested that the presence

of these functional groups may lead to its antibacterial effects.

Considering the potential of these drugs, chemical analysis

of the drugs has been carried out.[23] The study provided the

physicochemical standards for the homoeopathic formulation

of the drug. In the work, the HPTLC data showed many spots

indicating chemical complexity of the aqueous ethanolic

extract of the drug.

sponge

Homoeopathic use

Sponges have been extensively used in Homoeopathy. In

Homoeopathy, both fresh water and marine sponges have been

used to treat numerous ailments. The homoeopathic drug derived

from fresh water sponge Spongilla lacustris Linn (Family:

Spongillidae; Synonyms: Spongilla uviatilis) is called Badiaga,

while the Spongia tosta is made from marine sponge Spongia

ofcinalis Linn. (Family: Spongiidae; Synonyms: Euspongia

ofcinalis).[24,25] Badiaga has been widely used by homoeopathic

practitioners. Dr. T.F Allen described the use of Badiaga in

physiological ailments.[26] For example, he reported the use of

the drug, especially for headache. Beside headache, it has also

been used as overall pain reliever. Interestingly, he mentioned

the use of the drug for Bubo. Dr. C. Hering reported its usage in

inammatory conditions of eye, throat and head.[27] J.H. Clarke

reported that the drug can be employed for breast cancer.[28]

Similar to Badiaga, Spongia tosta has also been extensively

used by homoeopathic practitioner around the world. According

to Dr. James Tyler Kent, this particular drug is especially

benecial for thyroid and cardiac diseases.[29] His report has been

supported by the writings of Dr. H.C. Allen, Dr. E.A. Neatby

and Dr. William Boericke.[30-32] Interestingly, Chinese traditional

medicine reports the use of sponge in goitre.[33]

Research in modern biomedicine

Homoeopathic clinical observations have been supported by

recent discovery of anti-inammatory agents from sponges.

There are many such agents which have been isolated,

characterised and their activities have been evaluated

from sponges. Chemically, those agents can broadly be

classied into four classes: terpenes, steroids, nitrogenous,

octahydroindenes and glycolipids. Among them, terpenes

is the most important, as many sponge-originated terpenes

(>20) have shown anti-inammatory activities (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

6) [Figure 2].[34] Interestingly, the extracted anti-inammatory

agents additionally show antiallergic and anticancer activities

(e.g., avarol and avarone).[35] These ndings are in agreement

with the Homoeopathy literatures.[28] Manoalide shows

antibiotic, analgesic and anticancer effects.[36,39] Ilimaquinone

shows anticancer activities [Figure 2].[38] Plakotenin is reported

to exhibit cytotoxicity, a potential anticancer agent [Figure 2].[39]

Topsentin shows antitumour and antiviral activities [Figure 2].[40]

Similarly, Spongilipid tetracosan-1-ol-1-O--D-gluco-

pyranoside, isolated from fresh water sponge shows cytotoxic

activities.[41] S. lacustris powder extract in 3% hydrogen

Figure 1: Structure of Melittin bee venom molecules

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Biswas, et al.: Physicochemical study of the homoeopathic drug of Blatta orientalis

164 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

peroxide solution has also been used to treat acne vulgaris.[42]

A number of polyenoic fatty acids, having anti-microbial

properties, have also been isolated from fresh water sponge.

The studies show that the secondary metabolites from sponge

exhibit antibacterial, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antifungal and

antibacterial effects. Compared to antibacterial agents, antiviral

agents are rare. However, there are a number of antiviral

compounds which have been isolated from marine sponge. The

ndings are quite important as Dragmacidin F which shows

anti-HIV properties [Figure 3].[43] Overall, modern biomedical

science recognises sponges as one of the most important

sources for bioactive natural products.

Considering the immense potential of marine sponges and

reported homoeopathic literature, researchers explored

Spongia tosta formulation similar to Homoeopathy in in vitro

study.[44] Methanolic extract of Spongia tosta exhibits free

radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity against breast

cancer cell line MCF 7. Encouraged by their result, the same

group further explored the cytotoxic effects of ethanolic

extract of Spongia tosta further.[44] They found that the drug

shows anticancer activity against liver carcinoma, African

green monkey kidney cell line, colon cancer cell line and lung

cancer cell line. In accordance, the homoeopathic literatures’

sponges also are found to exhibit antitumor, cardiovascular

and muscle-relaxing activities.[45]

Eryloside F, a penasterol disaccharide isolated from sponge, is a

thrombin receptor antagonist [Figure 4].[46] Another compound,

Cyclotheonamide A inhibits serine protease [Figure 4].[47]

Halichlorine, a cyclic aza polyketide, is a VCAM 1* inhibitor

[Figure 4].[48] All these ndings strongly suggest that marine

sponge likely to possess very high level of efcacy towards

cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, sponges are known to

contain muscle relaxants. For example, Xestospongin C and

S1319 [Figure 5].[49] Beside muscle-relaxing effect, S1319

exhibits bronchodilation property.[50]

Bufo Rana

Homoeopathic use

Bufo Rana is a homoeopathic remedy, made from the poison

secreted from the dorsal glands of a toad, called Bufo bufo

Linn. (Family: Bufonidae; Synonyms: Rana bufo Linn.,

Bufo vulgaris Lau.) As this poison is part of their defence

mechanism, it can be extracted by threatening or irritating the

toad. In 1879, Dr A. Cowperthwaite, of Iowa, in his Materia

Medica reported the usefulness of the drug for ailments of

cerebrospinal system. Dr. Henry Clarke reported the use of

the drug to treat dropsy. However, this drug has mostly used

Figure 2: Sponge‑based bioactive molecules: A

Figure 3: Sponge‑based bioactive molecules: B

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Biswas, et al.: Physicochemical study of the homoeopathic drug of Blatta orientalis

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Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

to treat epilepsy. Dr. Holocombe recorded a case history in

detail where Bufo rana was successfully administered to treat

epilepsy.[51] Beside neurological disorders, this drug is known

to cure a number of diseases, for example, cancer, stammering,

meningitis, heart disorders, gout and skin disorders.[52]

Research in modern biomedicine

The therapeutic values of the toad poison have recently been

explored through research in the eld of biomedicine with the

help of chemical biology. Recent research has isolated and

characterises a number of biologically active chemicals from

the venom. Interestingly, most of them show considerable

neurological effect. The existence of neuroactive compounds

in toad venom clearly provides evidence for homoeopathic

literature. Toad venom contains serotonin, 5-MeO-DMT,

bufalin, bufotenin, norepinephrine, bufagins, epinephrine,

bufothionine and bufotalin [Figure 6].[53]

Serotonin chiey has numerous effects in human body. It reduces

depression, regulates anxiety, heals wounds, stimulates nausea,

maintains bone health, balances libido and mental stability.

5-MeO-DMT, used as a recreational drug, possesses neurological

effect. The effect of bufotenin is similar to that of 5-MeO-DMT.

In fact, the mode of action of serotonin, 5-MeO-DMT and

bufotenin are similar.[53] Bufalin exhibits in vitro antitumor

activity against different malignant tumours, including lung

carcinoma and hepatocellular.[54,55] Norepinephrine, a toad

venom-based compound, has diverse biological activity

and arguably one of the most important components of

bufotoxins.[56] It acts as a stress hormone, neurotransmitter

and vasoconstrictor. Arenobufagin acts as an isoform-specic

probe. This can be employed for sensing human sulfotransferase

2A1.[57] Cinobufagin has extensive clinical importance. It could

be used to treat cancer, heart failure and pain (analgesic).[58]

Marinobufagenin is a vasoconstrictor.[59] Epinephrine is used

for cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis and supercial haemorrhage.

Inhalation of epinephrine can be administrated to lessen the

symptoms of croup.[60]

sea snaIl

Homoeopathic use

Murex purpurea is prepared from juice found in sac situated

between heart and liver of sea snail, Bolinus brandaris

Linn. (Family: Muricidae; Synonyms: Murex brandaris Linn.,

Haustellum brandaris Linn.). The shell is usually golden brown

with a very long siphonal canal and a rounded body and a

rounded and broad body whorl. There are many therapeutic

effects documented in Homoeopathy literature.[61] The effects

are associated with ailments related to head, stomach, larynx

and urinary tract. However, the most important and widely

appreciated effect of the drug is its effect on women’s health.

Both Dr. A. Lippe and J. Hempel reported the effectiveness of

Murex purpurea in treating pains of women’s genital organs

including cancer.[61,62]

Research in modern biomedicine

Recent biomedical research also provides evidences regarding

therapeutic properties of Murex purpurea. Benkendorff

reported anticancer activity of the drug.[62]

Snails are known to contain large number of biological

compounds. As a result, this well-known traditional medicine

has been immensely investigated by the modern biomedical

communities. In general, the bioactive chemicals coming

from snail could be classied into two categories: (a) small

molecules and (b) proteins. Both classes show signicant

bioactivities.

Biliverdin IX, derived a green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment,

shows considerable antioxidant and antimutagenic activities

[Figure 7]. Its antioxidant effect could be attributed to its ability

to act as a peroxyl radical scavenger.[63] It also shows activities

towards preventing cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly,

this compound also acts as an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.[64]

Furthermore, it has also been successfully used in uorescence

imaging.[65] 7-Dehydrocholesterol acts as provitamin-D3protects

skin from ultraviolet rays [Figure 7]. Tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin,

has been studied to combat cancer-related pain [Figure 7].[66]

Its effectiveness has been supported by clinical trials. This

Figure 5: Sponge‑based bioactive molecules: D

Figure 4: Sponge‑based bioactive molecules: C

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Biswas, et al.: Physicochemical study of the homoeopathic drug of Blatta orientalis

166 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

has also been used to treat migraine. This mode of action is

suggested to be associated with TTX-sensitive Na+ channel.

Furthermore, it is clinically used to treat headache during

heroin withdrawal.[67] Murexine and senecioylcholine exhibit

neuromuscular-blocking activities through affecting nicotinic

acetylcholine receptors [Figure 7].[68] 6-bromoisatin and

structurally related compound impart apoptosis in female

reproductive cancer cell selectively [Figure 7].[69] It also

shows antipathogenic activity.[68] Acrylylcholine, extracted

from snails, show neuromuscular blocking activity, in the

hypobranchial gland [Figure 7].[68]

The second class of bioactive compounds from the snails are

proteins. Conkunitzin S1, protein isolated from snail, can

be used to increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via

blocking Kv1.7 potassium currents [Figure 8].[70] Ziconotide

is a synthetic and non-opioid, analgesic [Figure 8].[71] This

has been approved by Food and Drug Administration,

USA (FDA) in 2004 under the trade name of Prialt™.

This is a structural as well as functional analogue of an

ω-conotoxin, isolated from marine snail. This is one of the

few examples of nonnarcotic medication to treat chronic

and severe pain.[72]

canthaRIs

Homoeopathic use

Cantharis, prepared from the insect Lytta vesicatoria Linn.

(Family: Cantharidae; Synonym: Cantharis vesicatoria Linn.,

Meloevesicatorius Linn.) has been extensively used in pain

treatment, especially for treating burning pain in ureter, genitals

and other organs. The higher potencies have exclusively

been administered owing to its extremely high toxicity in

concentrated form. The proving has been documented in

Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica-James Tyler

Kent.[73]

Figure 6: Toad‑based bioactive molecules

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Research in modern biomedicine

It has widely been used to treat blisters. The active

pharmaceutical ingredient present in the drug is cantharidin

[Figure 9]. This compound is in Phase 3 of Clinical trial for

treatment of molluscum.[74] Beside pain-related usage, the

modern biomedicinal research found further bioactivities of

cantharidin. Animal trials show the effect of cantharidin as a

topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.[75] Furthermore,

it exhibits anticancer activities against malignant tumour cells.

sepIa

Homoeopathic use

Homoeopathic drug Sepia is prepared from the ink of Sepia

ofcinalis Linn. (Family: Sepiidae; Synonym: Sepia zebrine

Risso, Sepia rugosa Bowdich). There are many usages of the

drug in Homoeopathy.[76] However, this drug is particularly

used to treat several gynaecological complaints. For example,

it is particularly useful to relieve symptoms related to

premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menopause. It also can be

used to treat aliments related to ovaries, uterus and vagina. It

is particularly helpful to ght against yeast infection during

and after pregnancy. Overall, the effect of the drug is pain

reliever. This drug is also used to treat digestive problems,

especially difculties associated with fatty foods and dairy

products. This is also used for headaches and itchy patches

in the skin. It has also been used for exhaustion and poor

circulation.

Research in modern biomedicine

The medicinal importance of this drug has also been

recognised by modern medical system. Cuttlesh (Sepia) ink

has shown numerous promising bioactivities.[77] S. ofcinalis

ink shows in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and analgesic

activities.[78] S. officinalis ink can photoprotect against

blue light-induced apoptosis of human retinal pigment

Figure 8: Snail‑based bioactive proteins

Figure 7: Snail‑based bioactive small molecules

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Biswas, et al.: Physicochemical study of the homoeopathic drug of Blatta orientalis

168 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

epithelium cells.[79] Cuttlesh ink also shows antiretroviral

activity.[80] One of the remarkable effects of cuttlesh ink

is its radio protective effects on hemopoietic injury.[81]

Cephalopod inks in general have been extensively used as

anticancer agents. These results are in good agreement with

the homoeopathic literatures.[82] Peptidoglycans, one of the

components of cuttlesh ink, shows antitumor activities. It

is believed to be resulted from the inhibition of embryonic

development.[83] Sepia ink oligopeptide (SIO) shows

anticancer activity against prostate cancer cell by inducing

apoptosis through activation of induction of apoptosis via

activation of caspase-3 and elevation of the ratio of Bax/

Bcl-2 [Figure 10].[84-87]

eel seRuM

Homoeopathic use

Eel serum prepared from Anguilla bengalensis Grey (Family:

Anguillidae; Subspecies: Anguilla benglaensis bengalensis,

Anguilla bengalensis labiata) has extensively used in

Homoeopathy for kidney diseases. In homoeopathic Materia

Medica, William Boericke mentioned the serum as a toxin

that can destroy blood globules.[88] It is also mentioned as a

medicine used in kidney-related ailments. Dr. Nels Bergman

reported the use of this medicine in hypertension as well as

kidney diseases.

Research in modern biomedicine and other medical

system

This remedy has also been used in other traditional medical

system, for example, Fresh blood is consumed to treat general

weakness and asthma among Ao tribe of Nagaland, India.[89]

The modern medical system has found anticancer activities

in eel serum.[90] Eel serum contains atrial natriuretic peptide

(ANP) which can act a vasodepressor and is natriuretically-

active in rats. This ANP was found to be 100 more potent than

that of human ANP.[91] It is quite clear that the recent biomedical

ndings regarding cardiovascular applications of eel serum

are in agreement with the reports in the old homoeopathic

remedies.

snake VenoM

Homoeopathic use

There are different kinds of snake venoms such as Vipera,

Lachesis, Crotalus horridus and Naja tripudians, which have

been used in Homoeopathy. Here, we only discuss about

the snake venom-based drugs under EDL. Importantly, each

venom possesses different mode of therapeutic usages. Vipera,

derived from the venom of Daboia russelii (Family: Viperidae;

Synonyms: Daboia elegans Grey, Vipera daboia Daudin) has

been used to treat haemorrhages, senility, premature mental

condition, neurasthenia, tongue swelling, varicosis, jaundice,

enlargement of liver, epistaxis, phlebitis and goitre.[92] Lachesis,

produced from the venom of Lachesis muta Linn (Family:

Viperidae; Synonyms: Crotalus mutus Linn., Lachesis muta

muta Taylor), has been proved to cure small pox. It is one of

the most important remedies for hot ushes in menopause

syndrome. This is also being used to relieve symptoms

associated with PMS. This is also been used in sore throat and

ailments associated.[93] This is also used to soothe mental or

emotional symptoms. Lachesis has profound importance to treat

diverse circulatory problems and angina.[94] Interestingly, recent

studies also show similar bioactivities.[95] Crotalus horridus

obtained from the venom of Crotalus horridus Linn. (Family:

Viperidae; Synonyms: Crotalus catesbaei Hemprich) has also

been used in Homoeopathy for number of physiological and

psychological issues. It is particularly useful treating severe

internal intoxication affecting blood and heart.[96] It is also

useful for sepsis.[97,98] It is used to cure psychiatric uses, for

example, apathy, lethargy and detachment.[99] Naja tripudians

consists of the venom derived from Naja naja Linn.(Family:

Elapidae: Synonyms: Naja tripudians Merrem, Coluber naja

Linn.).

Research in modern biomedicine

This venom usually has pain-relieving and soothing effects

on mind.[100] Recent studies also show anti-HIV effects

of the snake venom.[101] These medicinal properties of

snake venoms have also been explored by biomedical

communities.

Figure 9: Structure of cantharidin Figure 10: Bioactive sepia ink oligopeptide

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Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

Cobratoxin present in Naja naja Linn. It shows numerous

benecial effects as a painkiller and in conditions like lung

cancer, multiple sclerosis [Figure 11].[102-104]

Dilute Russell’s viper venom time is an in vitro test to detect

Lupus anticoagulant [Figure 12].[105] The mode of action is the

activation of factor X that converts prothrombin into thrombin

in the presence of phospholipid and factor V. Contortrostatin

is a snake venom disintegrin. Recently, it has been found that

the disintegrin has antitumor and antiangiogenic activities.[106]

Captopril is the earliest FDA-approved drug which was derived

from snake venom. This drug is being used for hypertension

and cardiac disorders [Figure 13]. This also shows mood

elevation in certain patients.[107]

Snake venoms are known to possess anticoagulant activities.

For example, Eptibatide – an approved antiplatelet drug under

the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class [Figure 14].[108] This

drug is a closed-ring heptapeptide produced from a protein,

present in the venom of the rattle snakes. It belongs to the

class of peptides that mimics the arginin–glycin–aspartat and

reversibly binds to the platelets.

Considering the cytotoxic effect of the snake venoms, their

potential as antitumor agents is quite promising. Even though

snake venoms’ composition are extremely complex, the

antitumour activities of the venoms are majorly due to the

presence of metalloproteases, serine proteases, phospholipases

A2, L-amino acid oxidases, disintegrins and lectins.[106,109-111]

Hannalgesin, obtained as the neurotoxin, shows strong analgesic

effect without permanent adverse muscular and neurological

effect.[112] Snake venom also shows antibacterial effects.[113]

spIdeR

Homoeopathic use

There are many spiders-based drugs which have been used

in Homoeopathy. Tarentula hispana prepared from Lycosa

tarantula Linn. (Family: Lycosidae) is used in mostly mental

disorders. It is also used in physiological disorders, for

example, hyperactivity, ADHD, problem children, headaches,

restless leg syndrome, restlessness, ADD, migraines, autism,

Parkinson’s disease, abscesses and has also shown benecial

effects in a case of anorexia.[114] The medical usages of

Tarentula cubensis (Family: Lycosidae) include treatment

of carbuncle, gangrene, intermittent fever of evening

exacerbation, diarrhoea, severe stinging and burning pain.[115]

Homoeopathic drug, Mygale prepared from Mygale lasiodora

Linn.(Family: Antrodiaetidae), is used in nervousness,

prostration and palpitation. It is used to prevent twitching of

the facial muscles. It is also used in agitation and involuntary

motion of the body. Recent study shows activities against acute

aching pain, difcult breathing, bad dream, etc.[116] Recent

studies show that spider venoms possess analgesic effects.[117]

The venom could potentially be used in stroke treatment.[118]

Research in modern biomedicine

Furthermore, spider venom contains HF-7.[119] This active

ingredient blocks receptors on the nerve cell membranes

preventing glutamate production. The arrest of glutamate product

ceases the cell death due to oxygen unavailability. It also prevents

atrial brillation. This is performed by the active protein GsMtx-4.

Figure 12: Structure of phospholipase a2 from Daboia russelii pulchella

Figure 11: Structure of cobratoxin

Figure 13: Structure of captopril

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170 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

caRBo anIMalIs

Homoeopathic use

The medicine was introduced by Hahnemann. It has been

primarily prescribed by him for chronic diseases. He also

provided the detailed method of preparation of the drug. The

drug was prepared by him by placing a thick piece of ox-hide

in-between two hot charcoals burning without ames. The hide

was burned till the ame coming out from the hide extinguished.

Then, the red hot charred mass was extinguished by pressing

with stones from both of the sides. Charred hide contains

many chemicals. However, the two principal constituents

are carbon and calcium phosphate. Fueter and Schweizer

Zeitschrift successfully used it for burnt mole, glandular

indurations, goitre and scirrhus. Dürr used human-bone coal

for mesenteric atrophy. According to C. Hering, it has effects

on mind.[120] Especially, it can be used to treat depressive mood

and nervousness in general. It has also been used for ear,

nose, eye and throat infections and/or ailments. James Tyler

Kent in Homoeopathic Lectures on Materia Medica provided

detail regarding the efcacy of the drug.[121] He prescribed the

medicine for weakness and anaemia. Interestingly, he mentioned

the use if this medicine for cancerous ulcers. His observations

regarding treatment of cancerous ulcer is in agreement with

the observations by Fueter and Schweizer Zeitschrift. Willam

Boericke reported the use of the medicine in a wide variety of

ailments, for example, headache, respiratory, skin diseases and

uterine cancer. Overall, his observations are in agreement with

the observation of Hering and Kent.[122]

ReseaRch In ModeRn BIoMedIcIne

Activated charcoal is used in modern medical practice. The

key use of the material is to absorb toxins present in the body.

It is particularly helpful for preventing toxic effects due to

overdose.[123] Orally administrated activated charcoal has

been found to be clinically active for not only controlling the

cholesterol but also benecial balancing of LDL and HDL.

In the study, seven patients with hypercholesterolaemia

were treated and monitored for 4 weeks while administering

activated charcoal at a dose of 8 g three times a day. The

pathological results found that in plasma, total cholesterol was

decreased by 25%. Furthermore, LDL was decreased by 25%

while HDL was increased by 8%.[124] Beside these, activated

charcoal has been found to reduce phosphate ions in serum

during dialysis, in cholestasis treatment, etc.[125]

foRMIca Rufa

Homoeopathic use

It is prepared from European red wood ants. Homoeopathy

medicine Formica Rufa has been described in homoeopathic

materia medica of WilliamBoericke.[126] He reports the

medicine for wide variety of physiological and psychological

effects. It is indicated in conditions like vertigo, headache,

nasal polypi, rheumatic iritis, heartburn, nausea, irregular

bowel, bloody or albuminous urination, skin itching, sexual

weakness and respiratory ailments. It is described as an

arthritic medicine. Dr. Sylwestrowicz of the Hering Research

Laboratory of Hahnemann College, Philadelphia indicated that

the primary use of the medicine is in gout, especially in case of

acute condition. He also indicated its use in psoriasis, loss of

hair, chronic eczema, kidney ailments, nephritis, Dupuytren’s

contraction and bone swelling. He also prescribed the drug

in rheumatic fever.[127] Hering also reported the medicines.

According to him, it can be used to treat forgetfulness. Also, he

prescribed the medicine for throat infection, dizziness and ear

pain. Similar to other authors, he also prescribed the medicine

for gout and limb stiffness.[128]

Research in modern biomedicine

Ant-based compounds show promising bioactivities. Terpenoid

bioactive compound isolated from Papua ant nest contains

terpenoids. Those terpenoids were found to be cytotoxic and

induced apoptosis in human ovarian cell lines (SKOV-3) and

increased Caspase–9 activity.[129] Indian tree ant, Oecophylla

smaragdina, Fabricius’s larvae and pupae contain bioactive

proteins. These peptides show anti-angiotensin I-converting

enzyme (ACE) and antioxidative bioactivities.[130] In

general, many insect-derived pheromone show promising

bioactivity.[131]

MIlk

Homoeopathic use

Even though many milk-based homoeopathic medicines are

reported, here we are going to discuss only Lac deoratum and

Lac caninum as these are only two in the EDL. Lac deoratum

is prepared from skimmed cow milk. Donkin successfully

treated diabetes and Bright’s disease with skimmed milk. Later,

the work was further extended by Dr Swan who potentised

and proved the medicine. It had shown results in nerve-related

issues. It also shows efcacy against despondence, American

sick headache, nausea, intense throbbing, constipation,

copious and pale urine.[132] It is indicated for conditions like

Figure 14: Eptifibatide, an approved antiplatelet drug

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Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

psychological problems, vertigo, fever, insomnia, photophobia

and kidney ailments.[133] It can also be used for diarrhoea in

infants.[134] Lac caninum is prepared from dog (bitch) milk.

It is a psychotic drug.[135] It is used in persons with low

condence, inferiority complex etc. It has also been used to

treat Diphtheria.[136]

Research in modern biomedicine

The benecial effects of milk are numerous. Thus it may not

be possible to include all of them here. Here we will discuss

shortly about the new ndings. Bioactive peptides have been

identied within the amino acid sequences of native milk

proteins. As the peptide sequencing of short peptides are

challenging further study in the area is required to unravel

the bioactivities components chemically.[137] In general the

native proteins in milk do not show bioactivities. However,

proteolytic digestion leads to the release of encrypted bioactive

peptides present in the milk. Due to their physiological and

physicochemical versatility, milk peptides are regarded as

greatly important components for health promoting foods

or pharmaceutical applications. Milk is known to contain

antihypertensive peptides. In vitro enzymatic digestion of milk

proteins, several ACE-inhibitory peptides were identied.[138]

Peptides derived from αs-casein has been found to scavenge

free radicals and lipid peroxidation.[139,140] Iwami reported the

existence of hypocholesterolemic peptides in milk.[141] Among

antimicrobial peptides, the lactoferricins are studied the

most, which are derived from bovine and human lactoferrin.

Lactoferricins, originated from milk have shown to have

antimicrobial activities against yeasts, lamentous fungi and

many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.[142]

MephItIs

Homoeopathic use

The homoeopathic formulation has been prepared from

Skunk’s anal secretion. Hering proved the medicine in 30C.

It is reported to be indicated in clinical conditions like vertigo,

asthma, tooth and gum pain and discharge from the ears,

whooping cough etc.[143-145]

Research in modern biomedicine

Chemical constituents: Majorly, there are two kinds of

compounds which are present in the secretion: (a) thiols and

(b) acetate derivatives of the thiols, e.g. (E)-2-butene-1-thiol

and 3-methyl-1-butanethiol and 2-quinoline-methanethiol.

Among them, rst two are the primary cause for the unpleasant

smell of the secretion. The acetate derivatives of the thiols

are less odoriferous. It also contains 2-methylquinoline.[146,147]

Quinolines have been studied extensively for bioactivities.

Among them, anticancer activities are the most prominent

ones.[148] In fact, one of the components – 2-methylquinoline

shows antiprion activities.[149]

tRoMBIdIuM

Homoeopathic use

This medicine is prepared from the whole mite. In

general, this medicine is anti-inflammatory. According

to Allen, it can act on head, eye, ear, stomach, throat and

mouth.[150] William Boericke reported the use of this medicine

in abdominal pain.[151] Hering also reported its use in various

inammation.[152] Douglass indicated its use in abdominal

pain and diarrhoea.[153]

thyRoIdInuM

Homoeopathic use

It is being prepared from dried whole thyroid glands of

domestic sheep. Clark indicated its use in acromegaly, abscess,

albuminuria, amblyopia, amenorrhoea, anaemia, backache,

constipation, broma, convulsions, optic neuritis, paralysis

and tetanus.[154] Lippe reported its usage in muscle weakness,

rickets, cretinism and arrested development of children etc.[155]

Allen reported its use to cure palpitation, hysteria and different

kinds of pain.[156]

Research in modern biomedicine

Thyroid gland is extremely important gland-secreting

hormones. The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland near

the neck. It consists of two lobes which connected to each

other by isthmus. The thyroid gland secretes three hormones

of two types. (a) the two thyroid hormones (thyroxine/T4

and triiodothyronine/T3) and (b) calcitonin. The thyroid

hormones chiey regulate the metabolic rate and protein

synthesis. However, besides these, it also influences

developments. Calcitonin is associated with calcium

homeostasis.[157]

conclusIon

There are many animal-based drugs which are available in

Homoeopathy showing diverse pharmacological effects.

Interestingly, the recent biomedical studies also support

the proving reported in Homoeopathic literature. However,

recent development of analytical and biochemical eld

enables us to unravel the origin of the bioactivities. With

the new discoveries, it is now possible to detect the

active pharmaceutical ingredients. Thus, it is possible to

undertake SAR (Structure Activity Relationship) study

using structurally simple analogues. Overall, it could be

inferred from the available literature that today’s biochemical

research related to animal-based drugs is considerably based

on the ndings of early homoeopathic practitioners. In future

investigations, medical science can rely on the homoeopathic

literature for drug discovery in the eld of the animal-based

therapeutics.

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to Prof. Nirmala Baburao and all

the supporting staffs of DSU (H), CCRH, Hyderabad, India.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

None declared.

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172 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

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Biswas, et al.: Physicochemical study of the homoeopathic drug of Blatta orientalis

176 Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ July-September 2019

Une étude des médicaments homéopathiques à base d’animaux et leurs applications en biomédecine

L'homéopathie est l'un des systèmes médicaux les plus pratiqués au monde. En homéopathie les animaux et leurs sécrétions,

comme toutes les autres sources naturelles, ont beaucoup été utilisés. Cependant, contrairement aux autres sources naturelles des

médicaments homéopathiques, tels que les plantes et les produits chimiques, la collecte et la préparation de médicaments à base

d’animaux sont extrêmement difciles, en particulier pour les médicaments provenant d’animaux exotiques. Vu les dés associés

à la recherche portant sur les médicaments à base d’animaux, nous passons ici en revue les recherches sur l’origine chimique de

la bio-activité de ces médicaments. Notre revue a constamment montré que les découvertes de la recherche biomédicale moderne

correspondent à ce qui est trouvé dans la littérature homéopathique. Dans de nombreux cas, les recherches récentes en chimie

biomédicale et médicinale justient à juste titre les découvertes de la littérature homéopathique ancienne. Nous pensons que

cet article sera non seulement bénéque pour la communauté homéopathique mais pourra également fournir les informations

nécessaires concernant les découvertes homéopathiques pour la recherche biomédicale future.

Revisión de los medicamentos homeopáticos animales y sus aplicaciones en biomedicina

La homeopatía es uno de los sistemas de medicina mejor practicado en el mundo. En homeopatía, se han utilizado ampliamente

animales y sus secreciones, al igual que otras las otras fuentes naturales. Sin embargo, a diferencia de las otras fuentes naturales

en homeopatía, como las plantas y los productos químicos, la recogida y preparación de los medicamentos de animales resultan

sumamente complicadas, en especial cuando se trata de animales exóticos. Teniendo los problemas asociados a la investigación

de medicamentos basados en animales, se ha revisado la investigación sobre el origen químico de las bioactividades de estos

medicamentos. En esta revisión, se ha observado uniformemente que los descubrimientos de la investigación biomédica moderna

coinciden con los informes de la bibliografía homeopática. En muchos casos, las investigación químicas biomédicas y médica

modernas justican coherentemente los hallazgos de la bibliografía homeopática antigua. En muchos casos, la investigación

reciente en química biomédica y medicinal justica acertadamente los hallazgos de la antigua literatura homeopática. En nuestra

opinión, este artículo no solo será benecioso para la comunidad homeopática sino que también proporcionará la información

necesaria sobre los hallazgos homeopáticos para futuras investigaciones biomédicas.

Eine Übersicht über homöopathische Arzneimittel auf tierischer Basis und ihre Anwendungen in der Biomedizin

Die Homöopathie ist eines der am besten praktizierten medizinischen Systeme der Welt. In der Homöopathie sind wie bei

allen anderen natürlichen Quellen Tiere und deren Sekrete weit verbreitet. Im Gegensatz zu anderen natürlichen Quellen

homöopathischer Arzneimittel, z. panzen und chemikalien das sammeln und aufbereiten von arzneimitteln auf tierischer basis

ist eine große herausforderung, insbesondere für arzneimittel von exotischen tieren. In Anbetracht der Herausforderungen, die

mit der Erforschung von Arzneimitteln auf tierischer Basis verbunden sind, überprüfen wir hier die Erforschung der chemischen

Herkunft der Bioaktivität dieser Arzneimittel. Unsere Überprüfung hat durchweg ergeben, dass die Entdeckungen der modernen

biomedizinischen Forschung mit den Berichten aus der homöopathischen Literatur übereinstimmen. In vielen Fällen rechtfertigen

die jüngsten Forschungsergebnisse der biomedizinischen und medizinischen Chemie die Ergebnisse der alten homöopathischen

Literatur. Wir glauben, dass dieser Artikel nicht nur der homöopathischen Gemeinschaft zugute kommt, sondern auch die

erforderlichen Informationen zu homöopathischen Befunden für die künftige biomedizinische Forschung liefert.

動物性來源的順勢療法藥物及其在生物醫學中的應用綜述

順勢療法是世界上其中一種最好的醫療系統。在順勢療法中，像所有其他天然來源一樣，動物及其分泌物已被廣泛

使用。然而，與其他天然來源的順勢療法藥物不同，例如，植物和化學物以及動物性來源藥物的收集和製備都極具

挑戰性，特別是對於非本地動物的藥物。考慮到與動物性來源藥物研究相關的挑戰，我們在此回顧了有關這些藥物

生物活性化學來源的研究。在我們的綜述一致發現，現代生物醫學研究的發現與順勢療法文獻的報告一致。在許多

情況下，最近的生物醫學和藥物化學研究恰當地證明了過往順勢療法文獻的發現。我們相信這篇文章不僅有益於順

勢療法社區，而且可能為未來的生物醫學研究提供有關順勢療法發現的必要資訊。

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